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Russo-Ukrainian War: Everything You Need to Know

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A Brief Summary

Ukraine is a country around the size of Texas, sandwiched between Russia and Europe. Until 1991, it was a part of the Soviet Union. Since then, it has been a flawed democracy with a sluggish economy and an international policy oscillating between pro-Russian and pro-European positions.

Ukrainian officials announced in the fall of 2021 that the Russian government had stationed 100,000 troops near Ukraine’s borders. Russian President Vladimir Putin stated on February 21, 2022, that Russia acknowledged the separatist Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics’ independence (DPR and LPR).

Putin began a military campaign on Ukraine shortly afterward, ostensibly to protect Donbas citizens from the Ukrainian government. The Russian military has attacked key towns and facilities in Ukraine due to the invasion.

The Roots of the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict

The crisis in eastern Ukraine began in April 2014, with low-level combat between the Ukrainian military and separatist insurgents supported by Russia, who captured some cities in the primarily Russian-speaking region. Since then, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has evolved into an open, albeit unofficial, war.

The events of 2021 and 2022 could be seen as a part of a larger dispute between the two neighboring countries, which began in 2013. Following the November 2013 Euromaidan uprisings in Ukraine, Russia seized Crimea and Sevastopol from Ukraine in March 2014.

Russia defended its action by using the outcomes of a referendum deemed illegal by most countries across the world. Furthermore, military activities have been occurring between the DPR and LPR, both backed by Russia and the Ukrainian government since 2014.

The Ongoing Developments of the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict

The Russian invasion of Crimea (2014) and the war in Donbas (2014–present) between Ukraine and Russian-backed rebels, and also naval encounters, cyberattacks, and political turmoil, marked the first eight years of the conflict (2014–2022). After a Russian military build-up on the Russia–Ukraine border in late 2021, the war escalated substantially on February 24, 2022, when Russia began a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

  • In February 2022, Vladimir Putin destroyed Europe’s peace by declaring war on a 44-million-strong democracy. His rationale was that modernized, Western-leaning Ukraine constituted a continual threat to Russia and that Russia could not feel “secure, prosper, or exist” without it.
  • On February 21, 2022, the Russian government stated that Ukrainian bombardment on the Russia-Ukraine border had damaged an FSB border infrastructure and killed five Ukrainian soldiers attempting to enter Russian territory. Ukraine denied involvement in both events, describing them as “false flag operations.”
  • That same day, the Russian government fully acknowledged the self-proclaimed DPR and LPR as sovereign governments across Ukraine, not only in their de facto-held territories, and Putin authorized Russian armed units to enter the regions.
  • Russian President Vladimir Putin launched an invasion of Ukraine by Russian army forces stationed along the frontier on February 24, 2022. The assault comprised attacks over the Belarus-Ukraine border and targeted bombings against Ukrainian military targets.
  • In retaliation, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy declared martial law and ordered widespread mobilization across the country. For almost the whole day, civilians could hear air raid sirens across Ukraine.
  • As a consequence of Russian cyber-attacks and bombings, Ukraine’s ICT infrastructure has deteriorated. Several Ukrainian cities and key locations, notably Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, have been seized. Russian soldiers are currently encountering greater opposition in their push into Kyiv than anticipated.
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